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41.
Speciation and fractionation of heavy metals in soil subsamples experimentally loaded with Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn in orthogonal design was investigated by sequential extraction, and operationally defined as water-soluble and exchangeable(SE), weakly specific adsorbed( WSA),Fe and Mn oxides-bound(OX) and organic-bound( ORG). The results showed that fractions of heavy metals in the soil subsamples depended on their speciation. About 90% of Cd and 75% of Zn existed in soil subsamples in the SE fraction. Lead and Cu existed in soil subsamples as SE, WSA and OX fractions simultaneously, although SE was still the major fraction. Organic-bound heavy metals were not clearly apparent in all the soil subsamples. The concentration of some heavy metal fractions in soil subsamples showed the good correlation with ionic impulsion of soil, especially for the SE fraction. Continuous saturation of soil subsamples with 0.20 mol/L NH4CI, which is the first step for determination of the negative surface charge of soil by the ion retention method, resulted in desorption of certain heavy metals from the soil. It was found that the percentage desorption of heavy metals from soil subsamples depended greatly on pH, the composition and original heavy metal content of the soil subsamples. However, most of the heavy metals in the soil subsamples were still be retained after multiple saturation. Compared with the parent soil, the negative surface charge of soil subsamples loaded with heavy metals did not show difference significantly from that of the parent one by statistical analysis. Heavy metals existed in the soil subsamples mainly as exchangeable and precipitated simultaneously. 相似文献
42.
A three-month incubation study was undertaken to examine the influence of N, P and K on the various forms (soluble plus exchangeable (SE), weakly specifically adsorbed (WSA), Fe-Mn oxides bound (OX), organic matter complexed (OM) and residual fractions (RES)) of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in a red soil. Application of urea at the rate of 200 mg N/kg significantly lowered the SE fraction, but raised the WSA or OX fraction of both metals. Supply of 80 mg P/kg caused a decrease in the SE fraction of the two metals. The WSA fraction of Pb was reduced, whereas that of Cd increased by adding P. However, addition of 100 mg K/kg led to an increase in the SE fraction, but a decrease in the WSA fraction of Pb and Cd. Applying chemical fertilizers had no significant consistent influences on the other fractions of metals. These findings suggest that in heavy metal contaminated red soil, applying fertilizers does not only provide plant nutrients, but may also change the speciations and thus biovailability of heavy metals. 相似文献
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C.M. Tu 《Chemosphere》1981,10(1):127-134
A study of the effect of 5 fungicide seed treatments on alfalfa ( L. var. Vernal) growth and nodulation by 102F66 was conducted in a growth chamber. Captan, maneb and thiram exhibited greater toxicity to . and alfalfa plants than that of benomyl and zineb. Recovery of the inhibitory effect was rapid. 相似文献
46.
The effects of chemical amendments (calcium carbonate (CC), steel sludge (SS) and furnace slag (FS)) on the growth and uptake of cadmium (Cd) by wetland rice, Chinese cabbage and wheat grown in a red soil contaminated with Cd were investigated using a pot experiment. The phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil with vetiver grass was also studied in a field plot experiment. Results showed that treatments with CC, SS and FS decreased Cd uptake by wetland rice, Chinese cabbage and wheat by 23-95% compared with the unamended control. Among the three amendments, FS was the most efficient at suppressing Cd uptake by the plants, probably due to its higher content of available silicon (Si). The concentrations of zinc (Zn), lead (Pb) and Cd in the shoots of vetiver grass were 42-67%, 500-1200% and 120-260% higher in contaminated plots than in control, respectively. Cadmium accumulation by vetiver shoots was 218 g Cd/ha at a soil Cd concentration of 0.33 mg Cd/kg. It is suggested that heavy metal-contaminated soil could be remediated with a combination of chemical treatments and plants. 相似文献
47.
LAS在滇池典型入湖河口缺氧水体中的生物降解 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
利用"河水衰减法"研究了不同培养条件下阴离子表面活性剂LAS在滇池典型入湖河口(海河口)缺氧水体中的生物降解及其动力学,探讨了温度、pH值、LAS的初始浓度、添加营养盐(NH4Cl或NaH2PO4)以及曝气等因素对LAS生物降解的影响.结果表明,在河口水体中的不同条件下,试验26 d后LAS的生物降解率都达95%以上,且降解服从二级动力学模型.温度、LAS的初始浓度、添加营养盐以及曝气均对LAS的降解有一定的影响.当水温从10℃增至25℃时,其降解速率P从0.21 d-1增至0.90 d-1;在连续曝气时,LAS的降解速率也由缺氧状态的0.72 d-1提高至1.97 d-1;LAS的初始浓度增大,其降解速率减小;添加NaH2,PO4能明显地促进LAS的降解,但是NH4Cl对其降解产生抑制;不同pH值(7.05-9.44)对其降解影响不明显. 相似文献
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Yuan?Li Haibo?Zhang Qingbo?Li Qian?Zhou Xiaobing?Chen Chen?Tu Yongming?LuoEmail author Peter?Christie Xuefeng?Hu Lianzhen?Li 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2016,38(2):535-547
The residual levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were examined in soils covering five types of land use along a salinity gradient on the Yellow River Delta. The most prominent OCPs were dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (∑DDT, arithmetic mean = 5.11 μg kg?1), hexachlorocyclohexane (∑HCH, 1.69 μg kg?1) and ∑endosulfan (10.4 μg kg?1). The spatial variability of OCPs composition shifted from γ-HCH and o,p′-DDT dominated pesticides in coastal soils to p,p′-DDE dominated pesticides in inland soils. In different land-use types, the percentages of β-HCH and p,p′-DDE are characterized by more recalcitrant components in decreasing order of vegetable fields, cereal fields, cotton fields, wetlands and tidal flats with increasing soil salinity. However, the less recalcitrant components, γ-HCH and o,p′-DDT, showed an opposite trend. Endosulfan sulfate predominated in all land-use types. Residual levels of β-HCH were affected by soil organic matter. The correlations between γ-HCH and clay content and between p,p′-DDE, o,p′-DDT and salinity might associate with the influence of sediment cotransport by the Yellow River and the density of anthropogenic activities in coastal region. Depth distribution of the OCPs in typical soil profiles also implied that local historical usage and sediment transport by the Yellow River both affected the OCPs residual in this region. 相似文献
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计算机机房的安全监控软件可分为本地监控软件和远程监控软件两大类,分别就目前这两类软件的特点及其发展趋势做了比较和分析,为用户选择安全监控软件提供了参考和建议。 相似文献